DDR records bilateral diplomatic representation between countries by year. It captures the presence and type of diplomatic representation in a directed relationship, allowing users to compare how one country represents itself to another across time. The dataset supports research on diplomatic networks, state recognition, foreign policy priorities, and changes in international relationships.

Diplomatic representation is one way states signal recognition, priority, connection, or strain. DDR gives researchers a yearly, directed-dyad dataset for studying how diplomatic relationships vary across countries and over time.

Because the dataset disaggregates representation and extends across a wide set of countries, users can study long time-series patterns, compare different kinds of diplomatic relationships, and include microstates and some semi-sovereign entities that may be missing from narrower datasets.

DDR was created from the Europa World Yearbook, which reports bilateral diplomatic representation across countries. Pardee researchers gathered the data at the directed-dyad level, matching the way diplomatic exchange is represented in the source volumes.

Use DDR to study bilateral diplomatic representation across countries and years. The codebook provides variable definitions, coding rules, and guidance for interpretation.