Moyer, J., Meisel, C., Szymanski-Burgos, A., Scott, A., Casiraghi, M., Kurkul, A., Hughes, M., Kettlun, W., McKee, K., Matthews, A., (2025, March 17). When heads of government and state (HOGS) fly: Introducing the country and organizational leader travel (COLT) dataset measuring foreign travel by HOGS. International Studies Quarterly, Volume 69, Issue 2, June 2025, sqaf013, https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf013

Despite representing a crucial day-to-day diplomatic tool, travel by heads of government and state (HOGS) has remained an under-investigated topic in international relations, inhibiting our ability to better understand how these visits change foreign aid, interstate conflict, diplomatic affinities, and more. Here, we fill that gap by introducing the first global dataset on the foreign visits of state leaders, the Country and Organizational Leader Travel (COLT) dataset, which allows us to present descriptive analysis and assess the monadic and dyadic drivers of foreign travel by HOGS. We find evidence consistent with previous literature explaining the motives of leader travel: development, trade, conflict, institutional co-membership, and regime type. In addition, we show a potential further application of the dataset, presenting original results on the relation between diplomatic visits and international trade. Overall, these data represent a unique indicator of international interaction that cuts across levels of analysis.

Sarah Dickerson, David Bohl, Barry Hughes, Mohammod Irfan, Jonathan Moyer, Kanishka Naryan, Alex Porter, Andrew Scott, and José Solórzano. 2019.

"Central America and the Carribean Regional Education Report." Invited Research Paper for USAID, Central America Mission. Developed in collaboration with Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, University of Denver, Denver, CO.

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under task order AID-OAA-M-12-00020. It was prepared by Sarah Dickerson, David Bohl, Barry Hughes, Mohammod Irfan, Jonathan Moyer, Kanishka Naryan, Alex Porter, Andrew Scott, and José Solórzano of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures.

Alex Porter, David Bohl, Sarah Dickerson, Barry Hughes, Mohammod Irfan, Jonathan Moyer, Kanishka Naryan, Andrew Scott, and José Solórzano. 2019.

"The Future of Guatemalan Education." Invited Research Paper for USAID, Central America Mission. Developed in collaboration with Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, University of Denver, Denver, CO.

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under task order AID-OAA-M-12-00020. It was prepared by Alex Porter, David Bohl, Sarah Dickerson, Barry Hughes, Mohammod Irfan, Jonathan Moyer, Kanishka Naryan, Andrew Scott, and José Solórzano of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures.

Alex Porter, David Bohl, Sarah Dickerson, Barry Hughes, Mohammod Irfan, Jonathan Moyer, Kanishka Naryan, Andrew Scott, and José Solórzano. 2019.

"The Future of Honduran Education." Invited Research Paper for USAID, Central America Mission. Developed in collaboration with Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, University of Denver, Denver, CO.

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under task order AID-OAA-M-12-00020. It was prepared by Alex Porter, David Bohl, Sarah Dickerson, Barry Hughes, Mohammod Irfan, Jonathan Moyer, Kanishka Naryan, Andrew Scott, and José Solórzano of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures.

Bohl, David K., Taylor Hanna, Andrew C. Scott, Jonathan D. Moyer, and Steve G. Hedden. 2018.

Sustainable Development Goals Report: Egypt 2030. Denver, CO and New York, NY: Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures and United Nations Development Programme.

Scott, Andrew C., David K. Bohl, Steve Hedden, Jonathan D. Moyer, and Barry B. Hughes. 2017.

Sustainable Development Goals Report: Brazil  2030 is a report researched and written by the Pardee Center’s Andrew C. Scott, David K. Bohl, Steve Hedden, Jonathan D. Moyer, and Barry B. Hughes, invited by the United Nations Development Programme (Bureau for Policy Programme Support). In consultation with the UN Country and Regional Offices, the report uses IFs to examine development trends and scenarios, to explore potential futures in Brazil for achieving the SDGs by 2030. Launched in 2015, the SDGs are a series of 17 global goals to reduce poverty, protect the environment, and ensure prosperity for all to 2030. The research will hopefully help steer collective efforts toward achievement of the SDGs in Brazil.

Scott, Andrew C., David K. Bohl, Steve Hedden, Jonathan D. Moyer, and Barry B. Hughes. 2017.

Sustainable Development Goals Report: Moldova 2030 is a report researched and written by the Pardee Center’s Andrew C. Scott, David K. Bohl, Steve Hedden, Jonathan D. Moyer, and Barry B. Hughes, invited by the United Nations Development Programme (Bureau for Policy Programme Support). In consultation with the UN Country and Regional Offices, the report uses IFs to examine development trends, scenarios of possible interventions, and potential long-term outcomes towards achieving the SDGs. The goal of the report is to steer collective efforts toward achievement of the SDGs in Moldova.

Scott, Andrew C., José R. Solórzano, Jonathan D. Moyer, and Barry B. Hughes. 2017.

"Modeling Artificial Intelligence and Exploring its Impact." Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of Global and Public Affairs, University of Denver. Denver, CO.

Artificial intelligence, a general term for the science and development of machines capable of completing tasks that would normally require human intelligence, is an exciting field of research and technology with deep potential impacts across the realm of human activity. A quantitative forecast of AI, while challenging, is important in helping us better understand how artificial intelligence is unfolding and its potential implications at a national, regional, and global level.

Donnenfeld, Zachary, Alex Porter, Jakkie Cilliers, Jonathan D. Moyer, Andrew C. Scott, Joel Maweni, and Ciara Aucoin. 2017.

"Ethiopia Development Trends Assessment." Invited Research Paper for USAID, Ethiopia Mission. Developed by the Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, South Africa, in collaboration with Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of Global and Public Affairs, University of Denver. Denver, CO.

Bohl, David K., Steve Hedden, Jonathan D. Moyer, Kanishka Narayan, and Andrew C. Scott. 2017.

"Development Trends Report for South Africa." Invited Research Paper for USAID. Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of Global and Public Affairs, University of Denver. Denver, CO.