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IFs Model Documentation

Documentation helps users understand how International Futures (IFs) represents connected systems, assumptions, variables, and relationships.
IFs does not predict a single future. It helps users compare plausible futures under different assumptions. Documentation supports responsible use by helping users examine model structure, build scenarios carefully, record assumptions, and interpret results with limits in mind.

Use this page to find the right documentation resource for your task.

Foundational texts

Written by Pardee's founding director, Barry B. Hughes, the fifth edition of Exploring and Shaping International Futures introduces new and seasoned users alike to the structure and use of IFs, Pardee’s open-source, integrated forecasting platform. For new users, the book offers a practical entry point into IFs. Experienced users will find an updated guide to the model’s structure, applications, and role in long-term scenario analysis.

Published 20 years after the fourth edition, the new volume addresses both enduring and emerging global issues, such as climate change and geopolitical shifts, along with major advances in IFs. Drawing on contemporary issues and dynamics of global change and organized in part by the Sustainable Development Goals, it guides readers through scenario analysis across human development, environmentally sustainable development, and national and global sociopolitical systems.

The fifth edition covers substantial enhancements to IFs, including new and expanded modeling in education, health, infrastructure, water, and governance. These advances broaden the range of questions IFs can help users examine and underpin much of the work featured in this review: from gender equality and industrial development to environmental transformation, renewable energy, jobs, and long-term planning.

Download the open-source book now

Use the IFs network diagram

The IFs network diagram helps users visualize and navigate relationships among variables and model areas.

Use it when you want to:

  • Trace direct and indirect relationships.
  • Explore how variables connect.
  • Understand links across model areas.
  • Share model relationships with students, collaborators, or project teams.

The network diagram is a support tool. It should be used alongside documentation and scenario interpretation, not as a complete representation of the model.

Open the IFs network diagram

Technical model documentation

The IFs Wiki is the primary repository for technical model documentation. 

Use the Wiki to examine:

  • Model areas and submodules
  • Variables and parameters
  • Equations and relationships
  • Data sources and assumptions
  • Help system content
  • Documentation for specific model structures

Technical documentation is most useful when users need to understand why an output changed, how a model area is represented, or which assumptions shape a result.

Search the IFs Wiki

Guide to scenario analysis

Instructions for developing scenarios using International Futures (IFs)
Many users first consult documentation when they begin changing assumptions or comparing scenarios.

The scenario analysis guide introduces the IFs interface and explains how users can create and compare alternative scenarios relative to the IFs Base Case. It also points users toward the broader IFs Help system, where they can examine model structure, equations, parameters, and assumptions in greater detail.

Browse the scenario analysis guide

Search all Pardee user guides and materials

Use the guide when you want to:

  • Understand the IFs Base Case.
  • Create a scenario.
  • Change assumptions carefully.
  • Compare scenario results.
  • Interpret results with attention to limits.
  • Locate deeper model documentation.

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